Usage:

Primarily researched for its effectiveness in preventing hair loss related to androgenic alopecia.

Mechanism of Action:

Blocks dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from binding to androgen receptors in scalp follicles, reducing miniaturization of hair follicles.

Benefits:

• Reduces hair loss
• Blocks DHT at receptor level
• Topical application minimizes systemic effects

Side Effects:

• Mild skin irritation
• Dryness or redness
• Rare hormonal imbalance (if absorbed systemically)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to study NNMT activity, NAD⁺ salvage pathways, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic regulation.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to the active site of NNMT, preventing methylation of nicotinamide, which leads to increased intracellular NAD⁺ levels, enhanced mitochondrial function, and reduced lipogenesis.

Benefits:

• Increased NAD⁺ levels
• Enhanced mitochondrial function
• Reduced adiposity in diet-induced obesity models
• Improved glucose tolerance

Side Effects:

• Not well characterized in humans
• Potential off-target effects at high doses

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research targeting cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and dopamine-related mood support.

Mechanism of Action:

Promotes dopaminergic neuron differentiation and mitochondrial function, enhancing dopamine signaling and brain plasticity.

Benefits:

• Supports dopamine production
• Enhances motivation and mood
• Promotes neurogenesis
• Neuroprotection against oxidative stress

Side Effects:

• Mild headache
• Irritability (with excess)
• Insomnia (if taken late)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Primarily used in research settings to investigate its effects on body weight reduction, fat loss, and metabolic health. Not approved for human use.

Mechanism of Action:

Adipotide targets specific proteins on the surface of fat cell blood vessels (Prohibitin and ANXA2), causing apoptosis (cell death) in the blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue. This leads to fat cell death and subsequent reduction of fat mass.

Benefits:

• Rapid fat loss observed in animal studies
• Reduces white adipose tissue
• Potential metabolic improvements (e.g., insulin sensitivity)
• Non-stimulant fat loss mechanism

Side Effects:

• Dehydration
• Mild to moderate kidney stress (noted in primate studies)
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Potential for nausea, lethargy, and other systemic effects

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Primarily researched for fat loss and metabolic support without affecting blood sugar or insulin levels.

Mechanism of Action:

Mimics the fat-burning activity of natural HGH by stimulating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis.

Benefits:

• Accelerated fat loss
• No effect on blood sugar or growth factors
• Improved metabolic efficiency

Side Effects:

• Mild injection site irritation
• Rare headaches
• Transient fatigue

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in studies on muscle and tendon repair, gut lining restoration, and even neurological healing.

Mechanism of Action:

Modulates the nitric oxide pathway, enhances angiogenesis, and promotes fibroblast migration and collagen synthesis.

Benefits:

• Accelerated injury recovery
• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Gut healing
• Tendon and ligament repair

Side Effects:

• Mild nausea (oral)
• Injection site irritation
• Increased appetite (rare)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in injury recovery, anti-inflammatory protocols, and full-body regenerative support in research settings.

Mechanism of Action:

BPC-157 accelerates angiogenesis and modulates inflammatory pathways; TB-500 promotes actin binding and tissue repair through enhanced cell migration.

Benefits:

• Accelerated soft tissue healing
• Reduced inflammation
• Support for tendon, ligament, and nerve repair

Side Effects:

• Mild dizziness
• Flushing
• Rare nausea

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Explored in weight loss studies due to its ability to enhance satiety and reduce caloric intake.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to amylin and calcitonin receptors in the brain to regulate appetite and slow gastric emptying.

Benefits:

• Appetite suppression
• Weight loss support
• Improved satiety
• Potential synergy with GLP-1 agonists

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Constipation
• Injection site reactions

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research on obesity, appetite regulation, and glucose metabolism. Promising results in weight loss and Type 2 diabetes models.

Mechanism of Action:

Combines GLP-1 receptor activation with amylin receptor activity to suppress appetite, slow gastric emptying, and improve metabolic parameters.

Benefits:

• Appetite suppression
• Weight reduction
• Improved glucose control
• Delayed gastric emptying

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Constipation
• Loss of appetite
• Mild gastrointestinal discomfort

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Supports muscle growth, recovery, and fat metabolism in research contexts.

Mechanism of Action:

Dual action: CJC triggers GHRH pathways, while Ipamorelin mimics ghrelin to stimulate GH release without affecting cortisol.

Benefits:

• Synergistic GH release
• Muscle growth
• Tissue repair
• No spike in prolactin/cortisol

Side Effects:

• Mild flushing
• Temporary hunger spike
• Injection site reaction

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Promotes long-term increase in growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Used in anti-aging, fat loss, and muscle-building research.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates the pituitary gland to release growth hormone over an extended period due to its DAC attachment.

Benefits:

• Increased growth hormone
• Improved muscle mass
• Fat metabolism
• Enhanced recovery

Side Effects:

• Water retention
• Joint pain
• Possible fatigue

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in cycles requiring short bursts of GH release. Often paired with Ipamorelin for synergy.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates GH release in a short burst, mimicking natural secretion patterns.

Benefits:

• Pulsatile GH release
• Supports lean muscle
• May enhance fat loss

Side Effects:

• Injection site irritation
• Mild flushing
• Headaches

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research for improving sleep quality, reducing stress, and regulating hormonal cycles.

Mechanism of Action:

Influences the hypothalamus and pituitary axis, modulating cortisol, LH, and GH levels during sleep cycles.

Benefits:

• Deeper, more restorative sleep
• Reduced sleep onset latency
• Stress and anxiety reduction

Side Effects:

• Grogginess in high doses
• Vivid dreams
• Mild headache

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and for enhancing memory, focus, and learning ability.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to HGF/c-Met receptor complex, promoting neural synapse formation and brain plasticity.

Benefits:

• Enhanced memory and learning
• Increased synaptic density
• Neuroprotection
• Potential Alzheimer's support

Side Effects:

• Headache
• Irritability
• Unknown long-term effects

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research on aging, telomere lengthening, antioxidant defense, mitochondrial function, and immune modulation.

Mechanism of Action:

Upregulates telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and telomerase activity in somatic cells, promotes heterochromatin decondensation, and modulates antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial health.

Benefits:

• Telomere elongation and surpassing the Hayflick limit in cell cultures
• Reduction of oxidative stress via increased SOD and GPx activities
• Improved mitochondrial membrane potential and function
• Enhanced immune cell proliferation and function
• Potential oncostatic and anti-metastatic effects in animal models

Side Effects:

• Minimal adverse effects reported in preclinical and limited clinical studies
• Possible mild injection-site irritation

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to delay cellular aging, increase lifespan in animals, and restore circadian rhythm.

Mechanism of Action:

Activates telomerase enzyme to lengthen telomeres, enhances melatonin secretion, and restores hypothalamic regulation.

Benefits:

• Telomere lengthening
• Improved sleep quality
• Enhanced longevity markers
• Immune system support

Side Effects:

• Mild fatigue
• Drowsiness
• Irritation at injection site

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research related to muscle-wasting conditions, muscle regeneration, and performance enhancement.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to and inhibits myostatin, thus allowing muscle tissue to grow beyond normal physiological limits.

Benefits:

• Increased muscle growth
• Reduced muscle degradation
• Potential support in sarcopenia or cachexia research

Side Effects:

• Potential muscle stiffness
• Unverified long-term safety
• Possible organ enlargement if misused

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly used in skin care and research for anti-aging, hair regrowth, and tissue repair.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds copper ions to activate regenerative pathways, improve collagen synthesis, and modulate inflammation.

Benefits:

• Improves skin texture and elasticity
• Promotes wound healing
• Stimulates hair growth
• Reduces inflammation

Side Effects:

• Mild irritation at injection or application site
• Rare allergic reactions

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to evaluate GH secretagogue activity, body composition changes, and metabolic effects.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a) in the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering G-protein–coupled signaling that increases pulsatile GH secretion.

Benefits:

• Enhanced pulsatile growth hormone release
• Improved lean muscle mass
• Accelerated fat metabolism
• Increased appetite (via ghrelin receptor activation)

Side Effects:

• Transient increase in cortisol and prolactin
• Mild water retention
• Increased hunger
• Possible tingling or numbness at injection site

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to assess GH secretagogue activity, body composition changes, metabolic regulation, and wound healing effects.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to and activates the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a) in the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering G-protein–coupled signaling and increased pulsatile GH secretion.

Benefits:

• Robust pulsatile growth hormone release
• Improved lean muscle mass
• Enhanced fat metabolism
• Potential wound healing and tissue repair support

Side Effects:

• Transient increases in cortisol and prolactin
• Increased appetite
• Mild water retention
• Possible injection-site discomfort

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research for skin repair, injury recovery, collagen stimulation, and systemic healing.

Mechanism of Action:

Combines copper peptide (GHK-Cu) for tissue repair, TB-500 for cell migration and healing, and BPC-157 for gut and tendon regeneration.

Benefits:

• Enhanced wound healing
• Reduced inflammation
• Improved collagen production
• Tissue and joint regeneration

Side Effects:

• Mild redness or swelling at injection site
• Possible fatigue
• Rare allergic reactions

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to study oxidative stress, detoxification pathways, immune function, and skin health.

Mechanism of Action:

Acts as an electron donor to neutralize reactive oxygen species and participates in phase II detoxification by conjugating to xenobiotics via glutathione S-transferases.

Benefits:

• Reduction of oxidative stress
• Support for phase II detoxification
• Enhanced immune cell function
• Potential skin-brightening effects

Side Effects:

• Generally well tolerated
• High oral doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort
• Rare allergic reactions

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research related to fertility, testosterone preservation during anabolic cycles, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to LH receptors in the Leydig cells of the testes, triggering endogenous testosterone production.

Benefits:

• Stimulates natural testosterone production
• Prevents testicular atrophy
• Supports fertility and spermatogenesis

Side Effects:

• Gynecomastia (with high doses)
• Water retention
• Mood swings or hormonal fluctuations

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly researched for targeted fat loss and improved body composition, especially in stubborn fat areas.

Mechanism of Action:

Activates beta-3 adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue to increase lipolysis and block lipogenesis.

Benefits:

• Targeted fat reduction
• Preserves lean muscle mass
• No spike in blood sugar or IGF-1

Side Effects:

• Temporary redness at injection site
• Mild restlessness
• Occasional dry mouth

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly used in studies on ovulation induction, spermatogenesis, and testosterone support.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates gonadal activity by promoting follicle development in females and spermatogenesis and testosterone production in males.

Benefits:

• Increased fertility hormone levels
• Boosts natural testosterone (males)
• Supports ovulation (females)

Side Effects:

• Abdominal discomfort
• Breast tenderness
• Possible mood changes
• Ovarian hyperstimulation (in females)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly used in research for promoting muscle growth, recovery, and tissue repair by enhancing protein synthesis and nutrient uptake.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to IGF-1 receptors in muscle and other tissues, promoting anabolic activity and inhibiting programmed cell death.

Benefits:

• Accelerated muscle growth
• Enhanced recovery
• Improved nitrogen retention
• Increased protein synthesis

Side Effects:

• Joint pain
• Hypoglycemia
• Water retention

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly used in research for promoting growth hormone release, recovery, anti-aging, and body composition improvement.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to ghrelin receptors, stimulating GH release from the pituitary gland without raising other hormone levels like cortisol.

Benefits:

• Increased natural GH levels
• Enhanced recovery
• Improved sleep quality
• Minimal side effects

Side Effects:

• Temporary hunger spike
• Mild flushing
• Injection site irritation

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for its role in regulating puberty, fertility, and reproductive hormone cycles. May have applications in treating hypogonadism and infertility.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates the hypothalamus to release GnRH, which then promotes LH and FSH secretion from the pituitary gland.

Benefits:

• Restores reproductive hormone function
• Enhances LH and FSH secretion
• Supports testosterone or estrogen production
• Potential fertility aid

Side Effects:

• Hormonal fluctuations
• Mild headaches
• Mood changes

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research focused on wound healing, recovery from soft tissue injuries, and aesthetic rejuvenation.

Mechanism of Action:

Combines copper ion transport, angiogenesis stimulation, and anti-inflammatory signaling to promote accelerated tissue repair.

Benefits:

• Enhanced skin tone and elasticity
• Accelerated injury recovery
• Reduced inflammation

Side Effects:

• Mild irritation at injection site
• Temporary redness or swelling

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research for inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune conditions, and skin inflammation.

Mechanism of Action:

Acts as an alpha-MSH analog, modulating inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting melanogenesis.

Benefits:

• Reduces systemic inflammation
• Supports gut health
• May help with skin and joint inflammation
• Non-stimulatory and well-tolerated

Side Effects:

• Mild headache
• Temporary injection site irritation
• Rare nausea

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research and wellness settings to study weight management, liver detoxification, and energy enhancement. Often administered intramuscularly for maximum absorption.

Mechanism of Action:

Works synergistically by supplying essential nutrients for fat transport, methylation, and cellular energy production. L-carnitine assists in fatty acid transport into mitochondria; choline, inositol, and methionine support liver fat processing; B vitamins help optimize metabolism and energy yield.

Benefits:

• Supports fat metabolism and weight management
• Enhances liver detoxification
• Promotes higher energy levels
• May aid in mood and cognitive function
• Provides comprehensive B vitamin support

Side Effects:

• Mild injection site discomfort
• Possible digestive upset (rare)
• Allergic reaction (rare, mostly with repeated exposure)
• Mild headache (occasionally reported)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research for sunless tanning, libido enhancement, and photoprotection in fair-skinned individuals.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to melanocortin receptors to increase melanin production and stimulate sexual arousal pathways.

Benefits:

• Darker skin pigmentation
• Improved libido
• Potential protection against UV damage

Side Effects:

• Facial flushing
• Nausea (dose-dependent)
• Appetite suppression
• Darkening of moles or freckles

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research for its antioxidant properties, mitochondrial support, neuroprotection, and as a stain in various biological protocols. Studied as a potential cognitive enhancer and for memory support.

Mechanism of Action:

Acts as an electron donor and acceptor in cellular respiration, enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and potentially improving cognitive function by supporting cellular energy metabolism.

Benefits:

• Supports mitochondrial energy production
• May enhance memory and cognitive function
• Neuroprotective effects against oxidative damage
• Acts as an antioxidant
• Used as a biological stain and diagnostic tool

Side Effects:

• Urine/feces discoloration (blue/green tint)
• Nausea (at high doses)
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Serotonin syndrome (risk if combined with SSRIs/MAOIs at high doses)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for its role in metabolic health, mitochondrial function, and physical endurance enhancement.

Mechanism of Action:

Activates AMPK signaling and regulates mitochondrial respiration to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress.

Benefits:

• Improved insulin sensitivity
• Enhanced energy metabolism
• Increased endurance

Side Effects:

• Temporary fatigue
• Minor site irritation
• Mild nausea (rare)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to study muscle hypertrophy, muscle wasting disorders, sarcopenia, and athletic performance. Not approved for human use.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to myostatin or its receptors, preventing myostatin from signaling muscle cells to limit growth. This removal of inhibition leads to increased muscle fiber size and number.

Benefits:

• Promotes muscle growth and hypertrophy
• Potential treatment for muscle wasting diseases
• Enhances muscle recovery
• May improve physical performance

Side Effects:

• Unknown long-term safety profile
• Potential for muscle cramps
• Possible tendon stress or joint discomfort
• Risk of off-target effects due to broad biological impact

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research related to anti-aging, neuroprotection, and metabolic health. Often administered to support energy production and cellular recovery.

Mechanism of Action:

Acts as a coenzyme in redox reactions, supporting ATP production and DNA repair. Influences sirtuin activity and mitochondrial health.

Benefits:

• Enhanced cellular energy
• Improved mitochondrial function
• Neuroprotective properties
• Supports healthy aging

Side Effects:

• Flushing
• Mild nausea
• Headache (at high doses)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for its role in aging, energy regulation, and DNA repair. Administered in IV therapy and supplement form to enhance cellular health.

Mechanism of Action:

Functions as a key electron transporter in cellular respiration, enabling efficient ATP generation and regulating gene expression via sirtuins.

Benefits:

• Increased energy levels
• Enhanced cognitive performance
• Anti-aging support
• Improved metabolic efficiency

Side Effects:

• Flushing or tingling
• Digestive upset
• Rare fatigue during infusion

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Investigated for its potential in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive decline. Also explored for stroke recovery.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates neurogenesis and increases hippocampal volume. May modulate BDNF and other neurotrophic pathways.

Benefits:

• Mood elevation
• Cognitive support
• Potential neurogenesis

Side Effects:

• Mild headaches
• Fatigue
• GI discomfort (rare)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to study parturition (labor induction), lactation, social behavior, and anxiety modulation.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in target tissues, triggering G-protein coupled signaling that leads to uterine smooth muscle contraction, milk let-down, and modulation of central nervous system pathways involved in social cognition.

Benefits:

• Induction of uterine contractions
• Promotion of milk ejection
• Enhancement of social bonding and trust
• Reduction of anxiety in behavioral studies

Side Effects:

• Uterine hyperstimulation (when used in labor)
• Fluid retention
• Hypotension
• Headache

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly studied in muscle regeneration, athletic recovery, and performance research.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates satellite cell proliferation and muscle fiber repair. The PEG modification increases its half-life.

Benefits:

• Accelerated muscle recovery
• Muscle hypertrophy support
• Localized growth potential

Side Effects:

• Muscle tightness
• Injection site irritation
• Water retention

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for improving memory, focus, and physical performance under stress. Popular in nootropic research for neurostimulation.

Mechanism of Action:

Modulates AMPA and NMDA receptors and may enhance dopamine and norepinephrine signaling.

Benefits:

• Enhanced focus and alertness
• Increased stamina under stress
• Improved working memory

Side Effects:

• Irritability
• Insomnia
• Headache (especially without choline)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research on memory consolidation, learning, neurodegenerative models, and age‐related cognitive decline.

Mechanism of Action:

Modulates neurotransmitter release, protects against oxidative stress in neuronal cells, and promotes neurotrophic factor expression.

Benefits:

• Improved learning and memory in animal models
• Neuroprotection against oxidative damage
• Enhanced synaptic plasticity
• Potential anti‐aging effects in the central nervous system

Side Effects:

• Generally well tolerated in preclinical studies
• Possible mild injection‐site irritation

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research related to sexual arousal disorders, both male and female.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates MC-3 and MC-4 receptors in the brain, enhancing sexual arousal via the central nervous system.

Benefits:

• Enhanced libido
• Improved sexual arousal
• Potential treatment for erectile dysfunction

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Facial flushing
• Increased blood pressure

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in clinical trials and investigational studies for significant body fat reduction, appetite control, and glucose management.

Mechanism of Action:

Acts on GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors to enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce appetite, and increase energy expenditure.

Benefits:

• Substantial weight loss
• Improved glycemic control
• Enhanced metabolic rate

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Possible increased heart rate

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Explored for its ability to increase lean muscle mass and reduce fat without significant androgenic side effects.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissues, promoting growth while reducing activity in reproductive tissues.

Benefits:

• Promotes lean muscle gains
• Reduces body fat
• Preserves bone density
• Potential male contraception research

Side Effects:

• Testosterone suppression
• Mood changes
• Aggression (in some cases)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in studies targeting anxiety, cognitive performance, and neuroprotection.

Mechanism of Action:

Modulates the expression of serotonin and dopamine, influencing mood and cognitive function without sedative effects.

Benefits:

• Reduces anxiety
• Improves memory and focus
• Supports immune regulation
• Neuroprotective effects

Side Effects:

• Rare nasal irritation
• Mild fatigue or headache

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly studied for weight loss, appetite control, and blood glucose regulation in individuals with metabolic conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Mechanism of Action:

Activates GLP-1 receptors to enhance insulin secretion, slow gastric emptying, suppress appetite, and reduce glucagon secretion.

Benefits:

• Appetite suppression
• Weight loss
• Improved blood sugar control
• Reduced risk of cardiovascular events

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Constipation
• Headache
• Loss of appetite

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research focused on memory enhancement, neuroprotection, and stroke recovery support.

Mechanism of Action:

Modulates expression of neurotrophins like BDNF and improves cerebral blood flow, especially in hypoxic or ischemic conditions.

Benefits:

• Enhanced memory and learning
• Neuroprotection under stress
• Improved focus and mental clarity

Side Effects:

• Irritation in nasal passages
• Mild headache
• Rare anxiety or overstimulation

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly researched for growth hormone deficiency, anti-aging therapies, and performance enhancement through natural GH pathways.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to GHRH receptors in the pituitary gland to stimulate pulsatile GH secretion, supporting downstream IGF-1 production.

Benefits:

• Stimulates natural growth hormone production
• Improves sleep and recovery
• Supports lean muscle and fat metabolism
• May promote skin and tissue repair

Side Effects:

• Temporary flushing
• Dizziness
• Injection site irritation

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Studied for potential impacts on mitochondrial function, endurance capacity, and cognitive processes in preclinical models.

Mechanism of Action:

Believed to influence metabolic signaling, possibly via modulation of PGC-1α and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways.

Benefits:

• Enhanced energy regulation
• May support mitochondrial health
• Potential cognitive benefits

Side Effects:

• Not well-documented
• Unknown long-term effects

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research on mitochondrial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and age-related decline in bioenergetics.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, enhancing electron transport chain efficiency, reducing reactive oxygen species production, and preventing cytochrome c peroxidase activity.

Benefits:

• Improved mitochondrial bioenergetics
• Reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
• Protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury
• Improved cardiac and skeletal muscle function
• Neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegeneration

Side Effects:

• Injection-site reactions
• Nausea
• Headache
• Possible mild hypotension

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Applied in research on soft tissue recovery, angiogenesis, and inflammation reduction.

Mechanism of Action:

Promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, and reduces inflammation by regulating actin binding and cellular remodeling.

Benefits:

• Accelerated muscle and tendon healing
• Improved flexibility
• Anti-fibrotic effects
• Angiogenesis support

Side Effects:

• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Possible lethargy post-injection

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Commonly used in research focused on lipodystrophy, particularly in HIV patients, and explored for cognitive and metabolic benefits.

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone by binding to GHRH receptors.

Benefits:

• Reduces visceral adipose tissue
• Enhances GH secretion
• May improve lipid profiles
• Supports cognitive function

Side Effects:

• Injection site redness
• Water retention
• Tingling or numbness in extremities

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research focused on appetite suppression and weight loss. May enhance energy expenditure and reduce food cravings.

Mechanism of Action:

Blocks the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, increasing their levels and thereby reducing appetite and promoting satiety.

Benefits:

• Appetite suppression
• Potential weight loss
• Enhanced mood and energy

Side Effects:

• Dry mouth
• Increased heart rate
• Insomnia
• Elevated blood pressure

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research related to immune enhancement, chronic infections, and adjunctive cancer therapy. Shown to increase T-cell function.

Mechanism of Action:

Enhances T-cell maturation and function, modulates cytokine production, and improves the innate immune response.

Benefits:

• Immune system support
• Antiviral and antibacterial effects
• Potential anti-tumor activity
• Improved vaccine response

Side Effects:

• Mild injection site reactions
• Fatigue
• Irritability (rare)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Primarily studied in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. Research also explores its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.

Mechanism of Action:

Activates both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors to regulate blood sugar and appetite.

Benefits:

• Improved insulin sensitivity
• Appetite suppression
• Significant weight loss
• Better glycemic control

Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Fatigue (in early dosing phase)

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified

Usage:

Used in research to explore muscle-building potential through myostatin suppression without traditional androgenic side effects.

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to androgen receptors and increases follistatin expression, which inhibits myostatin and promotes muscle cell growth.

Benefits:

• Significant muscle hypertrophy
• Inhibition of myostatin
• Improved strength
• Minimal androgenic activity

Side Effects:

• Potential testosterone suppression
• Joint discomfort
• Liver strain at high doses

Suggested Dosage:

Not specified