Oxytocin
Peptide Hormone
Oxytocin is a naturally occurring neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; it plays key roles in uterine contraction, milk ejection, and social bonding.
Usage:
Used in research to study parturition (labor induction), lactation, social behavior, and anxiety modulation.
Mechanism of Action:
Binds to oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in target tissues, triggering G-protein coupled signaling that leads to uterine smooth muscle contraction, milk let-down, and modulation of central nervous system pathways involved in social cognition.
Benefits:
- Induction of uterine contractions
- Promotion of milk ejection
- Enhancement of social bonding and trust
- Reduction of anxiety in behavioral studies
Side Effects:
- Uterine hyperstimulation (when used in labor)
- Fluid retention
- Hypotension
- Headache
Suggested Dosage:
Not specified
Half-life: ≈3–5 minutes
Delivery: Intravenous or intramuscular injection; intranasal spray for central effects