Peptide Library / Detail
Thymopentin
Half-life
30-60 minutes (plasma stability improved with encapsulation technologies)
Delivery
Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection; novel delivery systems under investigation include PEGylated niosomes for oral administration, extended biphen[3]arene carboxylate encapsulation, palmitic acid-modified self-assembled nanocarriers, and hyaluronic acid-based injectable formulations
Dosage
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Research Use Only
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Description
Thymopentin (TP5) is a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin, a thymic hormone. It functions as an immunomodulator that enhances T-cell function and regulates immune responses. Originally derived from thymic tissue, thymopentin is used in research for immune system support, inflammatory conditions, and as an adjunct in cancer therapy.
Usage
Typical research protocols utilize subcutaneous or intramuscular injection at doses ranging from 10-50 mg administered 2-3 times weekly. In clinical studies, thymopentin has been incorporated into combination cancer therapy protocols (PRaG regimen) for elderly patients with advanced malignant tumors. Oral delivery systems using PEGylated niosomes and self-assembled nanocarriers are under investigation to improve bioavailability.
Mechanism of Action
Thymopentin modulates immune function by enhancing T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, particularly affecting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. It restores macrophage function during sepsis by regulating inflammatory cytokine production. Recent studies demonstrate it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the TLR4/MD2-NFκB signaling axis and reducing oxidative stress. The peptide also influences neprilysin activity and has shown ability to modulate tumor microenvironments when used in immunotherapy applications.
Benefits(7)
- Enhanced T-cell differentiation and immune system function
- Restoration of macrophage function in septic conditions
- Reduction of LPS-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress
- Potential adjunct therapy for cancer treatment, particularly lung cancer and advanced malignancies
- Improved immune regulation in immunocompromised states
- Anti-inflammatory effects through TLR4/NFκB pathway modulation
- Nanovaccine delivery platform for cancer immunotherapy applications
Side Effects(6)
- Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, pain)
- Mild fever or flu-like symptoms
- Allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Potential immune system overstimulation in autoimmune conditions